In this paper, a novel risk-based, two-objective (technical and economical) optimal reactive POWER dispatch method in a wind-integrated POWER system is proposed which is more consistent with operational criteria.  The technical objective includes the minimization of the new voltage instability risk index. The economical objective includes cost minimization of reactive POWER generation and active POWER loss. The proposed voltage instability risk employs a hybrid possibilistic (Delphi-Fuzzy)-probabilistic approach that takes into consideration the operator’s experience, the wind speed and demand forecast uncertainties when quantifying the risk index. The decision variables are the reactive POWER resources of the system. To solve the problem, the modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm with sine and cosine acceleration coefficients is utilized. The method is implemented on the modified IEEE 30-bus system. The proposed method is compared with those in the previously published literature, and the results confirm that the proposed risk index is better at estimating the voltage instability risk of the system, especially in cases with severe impact and low probability. In addition, according to the simulation results compared to typical security-based planning, the proposed risk-based planning may increase the security and economy of the system due to better utilization of system resources.

In this paper, a new method for extending and relaxing the noise-coupling (NC) technique is proposed to enhance the noise-shaping order without adding the number of integrators. The noise-shaping order of the introduced ∑∆ modulator whit applying a second-order noise-coupling technique is enhanced and its performance with optimizing the noise transfer function (NTF) zeros is improved. Also, by removing the analog adder at feedforward path and transferring it to a new feedback branch before the last integrator and adding second-order NC path can be decreased the input voltage swing to the quantizer. Thus, by improving the modulator resolution, POWER consumption can be reduced. Mathematical analyses and behavioural simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the new NC method. To examine its performance, a 2nd-order single loop ΣΔ modulator was designed. The new noise-coupling method is used to achieve the three-order noise shaping to increase the resolution with low complexity and low-POWER. The results show an outstanding improvement in signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) compared to the conventional structure.

In this paper, a distributed control structure for POWER MANAGEMENT in a shipboard POWER system (SPS) with nonlinear DC voltage is presented. The distributed control architecture has the advantages of lower computational burden, high flexibility, and good fault tolerance. In this topology, each subsystem is controlled by a model predictive controller using local state variables and parameters as well as interactive variables from other subsystems that are shared through a coordinator. At the master coordinator level, an optimization problem is solved iteratively to achieve the minimum error in the output voltage and the optimal state. The effectiveness of the proposed distributed control structure is demonstrated for the auxiliary POWER generation section of the shipboard POWER system, which is related to the DC-DC converter section used as the energy storage module. The correct performance is demonstrated by simulation results, and performance analysis in comparison with other converter control methods, such as proportional control, considering the system characteristics is also shown in the results comparison section.

In the critical review of the book “Ethics of MANAGEMENT” written by Tomas Klikavar (2010), the present article has paid attention to the general approach of the author, the conceptual tools used, and the way of reasoning. According to the author, MANAGEMENT, especially business MANAGEMENT, due to the importance it attaches to the survival of the organization, has placed its fundamental principle on increasing benefit and earning profit, therefore, morality is not its fundamental issue, and it can even commit immorality in some cases, according to the necessity of tendencies and dispositions . As a theoretician of MANAGEMENT ethics, from a historical point of view, the author has tried to show that business MANAGEMENT has always been associated with unethical experiences, an experience that has continued until the present day as a kind of modern slavery. He believes that MANAGEMENT ethics as an inter-discipline, which is considered a branch of MANAGEMENT knowledge in terms of its subject, must be more intertwined with philosophy in practice. Finally, although the author has been able to show the inherent contradiction of MANAGEMENT, especially business MANAGEMENT, with ethics and provide a solution based on this, the fact that the author has succeeded in presenting a different theory in the field of “MANAGEMENT ethics” is a matter of doubt and reflection.